Sperm Morphology Abnormalities: How Do They Affect Chances of Conception?

Sperm morphology abnormalities (Teratozoospermia) is a condition where a large number of sperm have abnormal shapes. These abnormalities may significantly affect the sperm's ability to reach and fertilize the egg. At Fertiliv IVF Center, we see daily men suffering from sperm morphology abnormalities. This article explains what these abnormalities are, how they affect chances of conception, and available treatment options.

What Are Sperm Morphology Abnormalities (Teratozoospermia)?

Sperm morphology abnormalities mean that the shape of the sperm is abnormal. A normal sperm has an oval-shaped head, a thin neck, and a long tail. When there are abnormalities, the head may be too large or too small or have an irregular shape. The neck may be thick or bent. The tail may be short or coiled or missing.

Definition of Sperm Abnormality (Problems with Head, Neck, or Tail)

Abnormalities may be in any part of the sperm. Head abnormalities may include a head that is too large (Macrocephaly) or too small (Microcephaly) or has an irregular shape. Neck abnormalities may include a thick neck or a bent neck or one that is not properly connected to the head. Tail abnormalities may include a short tail or a very long tail or a coiled tail or a missing tail. All these abnormalities may affect sperm motility and its ability to reach the egg.

What Is the Normal Percentage of Normal-Shaped Sperm in Semen?

According to World Health Organization standards (WHO 2021), the normal percentage of normal-shaped sperm should be at least 4%. This means that even in normal semen, there may be a high percentage of abnormal sperm. If the percentage of normal shapes is less than 4%, the condition is diagnosed as sperm morphology abnormalities. If you suspect a problem, contact the Fertiliv team.

Causes That Lead to Increased Percentage of Abnormalities

There are several causes that may lead to increased percentage of abnormalities in sperm. Knowing the root cause is very important for choosing the right treatment.

Oxidative Stress as a Main Cause

Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of sperm morphology abnormalities. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. Free radicals may damage sperm DNA and cause abnormalities. Smoking, alcohol, pollution, and exposure to chemicals may increase oxidative stress. Inflammation and infection in the reproductive system may also increase oxidative stress.

Genetic Factors, Heat Exposure, and Environmental Toxins

Genetic factors may play a role in sperm morphology abnormalities. Some men may inherit genes that make them more susceptible to abnormalities. Exposure to excessive heat on the testicles may cause abnormalities. Hot baths, tight clothing, and prolonged sitting may increase testicle temperature. Environmental toxins such as pesticides and industrial chemicals may cause abnormalities. Exposure to radiation may also cause abnormalities in sperm.

How Do Abnormalities Directly Affect Chances of Conception?

Abnormalities in sperm may significantly affect chances of conception. Abnormally-shaped sperm may not be able to reach and fertilize the egg effectively.

Difficulty Penetrating and Fertilizing the Egg

Sperm needs a specific shape to penetrate the egg. The head must be the right size and shape to penetrate the outer layers of the egg. The neck must be strong to transfer energy from the mitochondria to the tail. The tail must be strong and long for the sperm to move effectively. When there are abnormalities, the sperm may not be able to complete these tasks. It may not be able to penetrate the egg or it may be able to but with great difficulty.

Possible Relationship Between Abnormalities and Recurrent Miscarriage

There are studies suggesting that sperm morphology abnormalities may be associated with recurrent miscarriage. Abnormally-shaped sperm may carry damaged or incomplete DNA. This may lead to abnormal fetal development and may cause miscarriage. Women suffering from recurrent miscarriages may have the cause be sperm morphology abnormalities in their partner. Consult a specialist if you suffer from recurrent miscarriages.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Sperm Morphology Abnormalities

Accurate diagnosis is the first step toward effective treatment.

Importance of Kruger's Strict Criteria in Analysis

Kruger's strict criteria are very precise standards for assessing sperm shape. These criteria use a special microscope and specific techniques to measure sperm shape accurately. Kruger's criteria are stricter than WHO standards. If the percentage of normal shapes according to Kruger's criteria is less than 30%, the condition is diagnosed as abnormalities. Kruger's criteria may help identify severe cases of abnormalities.

Available Treatments: Antioxidants and Lifestyle Changes

Antioxidants may help reduce oxidative stress and improve sperm shape. Antioxidants such as vitamin C and E, selenium, and CoQ10 may improve sperm shape. Lifestyle changes may also help. Quitting smoking and alcohol may improve sperm shape. Avoiding excessive heat may also help. Getting adequate sleep and reducing stress may improve overall health and fertility.

Role of ICSI in Overcoming the Problem of Abnormalities

ICSI may be the best solution for severe cases of abnormalities. In ICSI, a single sperm is selected, preferably with the best shape possible, and injected directly into the egg. This bypasses the need for the sperm to reach and penetrate the egg on its own. Success rate is very high with ICSI.

Natural Strategies to Improve Sperm Shape

There are several natural strategies that may help improve sperm shape.

Foods Rich in Antioxidants

Foods rich in antioxidants may help reduce oxidative stress and improve sperm shape. Colored fruits and vegetables such as berries, pomegranate, tomatoes, and red peppers are rich in antioxidants. Fatty fish such as salmon and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids that may improve sperm health. Nuts and seeds such as almonds, walnuts, and sunflower seeds are rich in vitamin E. Green tea is rich in powerful antioxidants.

Importance of Quitting Smoking and Avoiding Harmful Habits

Smoking is one of the biggest causes of sperm morphology abnormalities. Quitting smoking may improve sperm shape significantly. Alcohol may also cause abnormalities. Avoiding alcohol may help improve sperm shape. Drugs may also cause abnormalities. Avoiding drugs is very important. Avoiding excessive heat on the testicles may also help improve sperm shape.

Sperm morphology abnormalities are a common problem but treatable in most cases. Knowing the root cause is the first step toward solving it. There are several treatment options available, from lifestyle modifications to nutritional supplements and advanced techniques. Most men suffering from sperm morphology abnormalities may restore fertility through appropriate treatment.

If you suffer from sperm morphology abnormalities, it is important to seek medical help. Early diagnosis and proper treatment may improve chances of natural or assisted conception. At Fertiliv IVF Center, we have expertise in diagnosing and treating sperm morphology abnormalities.

If you want a deeper understanding of your condition and available treatment options, contact the Fertiliv team via WhatsApp for specialized consultation and personalized treatment plan.